Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Mahmood Ahesteh; Zahra Kashaniha
Abstract
This article first deals with views on approve or denial of ultimatalityof nature, and then explains what demonstrates ultimatalityof nature. This article, by rational-analytical method, concludes that the most of philosophers before Mulla Sadra, since he denied the science of natural acts, could not ...
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This article first deals with views on approve or denial of ultimatalityof nature, and then explains what demonstrates ultimatalityof nature. This article, by rational-analytical method, concludes that the most of philosophers before Mulla Sadra, since he denied the science of natural acts, could not prove the ultimate cause for the natural subject, but Mulla Sadra and his commentators always seek to prove their intelligence and Nature's endeavors have come up with a variety of explanations for it. Mulla Sadra's invention and innovation in this regard are the two principles of equality and the relations of being and the consciousness of existence. By virtue of the originality of existence and its subjectivity on the one hand, and on the other hand, it considers all creatures to be the ultimate cause, and compares it in such a way that the conflicts for the two ends of the meaning of the nature of the object are not taken into account.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Zahra Tavakoli; majid hasanabadi; Jafar Shanazari
Abstract
Faith and belief in the Knowledge and prophecy of prophets is one of the most important beliefs in the Shiite theological thought. The origin of infallible infallibility (AS) from the viewpoint of many scholars is that their Knowledge is aim to the truths and the harmful consequences of sin, nevertheless, ...
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Faith and belief in the Knowledge and prophecy of prophets is one of the most important beliefs in the Shiite theological thought. The origin of infallible infallibility (AS) from the viewpoint of many scholars is that their Knowledge is aim to the truths and the harmful consequences of sin, nevertheless, it sometimes neglects this problem in such a way that two issues of Knowledge and infallibility cannot be combined together. Mulla Sadra emphasizes the importance of Knowledge as equal to existence and emphasizes the role of theoretical powers in the realization of sin in the definitions of infallibility, which confirms the direct connection between Knowledge and infallibility in his view. In the present study, in addition to analyzing the relationship between knowledge and infallibility in Sadra's view, it has been shown in two steps with the examination of the problem of revelation and the time of childhood of the prophet that the questions raised in this relation in the issue of revelation result from ignoring the propositions of existence and existential status The perfect man is looking at Sadra.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Mohammad Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Free will is one of the philosophical topics that have important and significant function in the humanities. Various readings of free will have been provided; each of these readings has functions in the humanities that are completely different from other functions of the other reading. One of these functions ...
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Free will is one of the philosophical topics that have important and significant function in the humanities. Various readings of free will have been provided; each of these readings has functions in the humanities that are completely different from other functions of the other reading. One of these functions is the use of legal theories about the punishment of offenders. In this paper, after introducing different theories of free will and two major legal theories about punishment (Retributivism and Utilitarianism) , the ratio of different forms of the free will to the legal theories of punishment is measured and the result is obtained that the legal theory Retributivism is based solely on an incompatible reading of free will, and it is only this type of freedom can apply the theory of punishment; contrary to the legal theory of Utilitarianism, which is non-conditioned to free will, and all the different forms, and even the attitude of hard determinism, can use this theory of punishment. According to this result, Mulla Sadra's view was drawn on punishment, and it was clear that he - as a Compatibilist philosopher - did not deny the ability to praise and deserve punishment; but in a diminishing approach, he reduces the concentration of these concepts in an incompatible intellectual system and reduces them in the sense that it can be used in the system of Compatibilism; this has led him to be very similar in terms of practical functions, to the theories of Utilitarian punishment.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Morteza Hosseinzadeh; Sahar Kavandi; Mohsen Jahed
Abstract
In the section of soul of the Islamic philosophy, imagination faculty is one of the inner faculties of human beings; this faculty is preserver and preceptor of the imaginative forms, and has epistemological, anthropological and eschatological functions. Contrary to former philosophers, Mulla Sadra by ...
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In the section of soul of the Islamic philosophy, imagination faculty is one of the inner faculties of human beings; this faculty is preserver and preceptor of the imaginative forms, and has epistemological, anthropological and eschatological functions. Contrary to former philosophers, Mulla Sadra by proving the abstractness of imagination faculty, setting it as a fundamental principle for demonstrating the physical resurrection. In this essay, by collecting the philosophical foundations for demonstration abstractness of imagination faculty, we shall express its arguments, and the effects of the abstractness of this faculty. In the works of Mulla Sadra, there are no traces of the effects and branches of the abstractness of imagination faculty explicitly, and the function of them didn’t express for explanation of physical resurrection. The achieved effects of abstractness of imagination faculty and its branches, show that theory of mulla sadra in explanation of physical resurrection enjoys of coherence more than other theories. Some of the results about the next world that achieved by demonstration of abstractness of imagination faculty are as fallowing: philosophical explanation for entrance of imperfect souls into the next world, occurrence of reword and punishment in the grave world occurrence of pleasures and sufferings in the next world, demonstrating that heaven and hell are perceptive forms, and they exist in the soul world proving that blessing in the next world are permanent, establishing that there is no contradiction between created forms, and there is no material complications for blessings of the next world.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Hossein Khaleghipour; Naser Momeni; Mahdi Zamani
Abstract
According to Sadr-al-Motallehin, just as any human soul, during its material life, evolves along a substantial motion, after the death, it continues its evolutionary process and reaches the more exalted states. Such an evolution occurs to every individual commensurate with his/her inherent capacities ...
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According to Sadr-al-Motallehin, just as any human soul, during its material life, evolves along a substantial motion, after the death, it continues its evolutionary process and reaches the more exalted states. Such an evolution occurs to every individual commensurate with his/her inherent capacities and continues up to the Afterlife. The present study tries, first, to explore and explain the quality of the aforesaid evolution with a descriptive -analytical approach and then, focus more on the ways in which such an evolution can be justifiable after the soul leaves the body and enters into the state of being abstracted from all its potentialities and capacities. So far, certain theories and notions have been introduced in this regard among which Molla Sadra's explanations, although, seems more reasonable for the soles’ evolution in the high level of abstraction, but it can controversial. However, it may be possible, present a more suitable explanation for this strategy, according to some other views of Mulla Sadra and in the light of a teleological viewpoint". This approach is based on the assumption that through loosening the sensual ties and interests and the appetite for the intellect, the requirements for the evolutionary process of the soul are met without any need for the existence of the matter and capacity.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Morteza Shajari; Atefeh Sedaghati
Abstract
Mulla Sadra, with his specific philosophical foundations, including the originality of existence and the substantial motion, considers the truth of man and the truth of the world different from the other thinkers and on this basis, a new conception of culture and urbanization can be seen in Transcendent ...
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Mulla Sadra, with his specific philosophical foundations, including the originality of existence and the substantial motion, considers the truth of man and the truth of the world different from the other thinkers and on this basis, a new conception of culture and urbanization can be seen in Transcendent wisdom; What has been described in this article as the main goal. In this article, an attempt has been made to use an analytical method to describe a Mulla Sadra's philosophical view of the concept of culture and its relation to the formation of a desirable city. Findings indicate that according to transcendent wisdom, man has a wide existential degree and accordingly, culture does not have a stable nature. A degree of a culture that has a solidity, goes back to human nature; but part of it is changeable and varies depending on the spatial and temporal needs. The research achievement is that if humans through the existential order of motion unite with the single truth, they have also been spiritually united among themselves and through this alliance, they will show a single behavior and customs and as a result, a single cultural entity will be available; a culture that takes into account the plurality of people and their desires. Finally, the formation of transcendent culture will be necessary in order to achieve the desirable city.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Feizollah Abedini; Abbas Javareshkian; Seyed Morteza Hosseini Shahrudi
Abstract
Since one of the explicit differences between Avicenna and Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thought based on the important issue of ‘Motion’ specially ‘Substantial Motion’, and there’s complete difference in the debate, the author has tried to response the questions about ...
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Since one of the explicit differences between Avicenna and Mulla Sadra’s philosophical thought based on the important issue of ‘Motion’ specially ‘Substantial Motion’, and there’s complete difference in the debate, the author has tried to response the questions about the origins and theoretical basis of this difference and to find out which position and principle have been involved in this contrast. First part of the essay studies the difference between Avicenna and Mulla Sadra‘s essential position through analytical comparison of ‘Motion Premise’ in the thought of these two well-known philosophers. 1- Sadra’s perception of motion against Avicenna’s quiddity and category centered attitude. 2- Expanding of ‘Motion’ discussion from concretes to abstracts especially human soul. 3- Change in the position of’ Motion’ from the section of natural issues to the section of common affairs. By analytical studying of the mentioned points specially with meditating in Avicenna’s objections on ‘Substantial Motion’, we conclude that the difference of these two well-known philosophers in the premise of ‘Substantial Motion’ originates from the most important philosophical position that is called ‘Principal of Existence’ or ‘Priority of quiddity. On this basis of these facts and despite of all denials and doubts of some other thinkers in Avicennas’s ‘Principle of priority of quiddity’ thought, based on this philosophical analysis , it can be explicitly seen the consideration of ‘priority of quiddity, which at least can end the doubts about ‘ Motion Premise’.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Malik Abdiyankordkandi; Gholamhossein Khadri; Jalal Paykani; Alireza Parsa
Abstract
The argument by necessity and possibility was first described by Ibn Sina and he called it the argument by the truthful ones. Thomas Aquinas Under the influence of Islamic philosophers has also provided some argument of this argument and it's the third path of his theology. Mulla Sadra, after presenting ...
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The argument by necessity and possibility was first described by Ibn Sina and he called it the argument by the truthful ones. Thomas Aquinas Under the influence of Islamic philosophers has also provided some argument of this argument and it's the third path of his theology. Mulla Sadra, after presenting the argument by the possibility of Ibn Sina and intrducing criticism drawing on the original principles of transcendent wisdom, he has devised a new version of the Siddiqin argument. And he knows it the way of prophets, mystics and divine philosophers. The present article, while presenting an analysis of these three interpretations and examining their subscriptions and ratings, shows that First, none of these interpretations are error-free. Secondly, Ibn Sina's argument is more honorable than that of Thomas’s one and Mulla Sadra's Argument is honorable than both of them. Reasoning from Essence to Essence and Attributes, systematically explaining and justifying causality, and drawing a unified relationship between God and the world on the basis of the possibility of poverty, originality, and the objective existence of existence, and the need for distant nullification and supremacy, are the most important aspects of the Sadrian argument.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Akram Askarzadeh Mazraeh
Abstract
Virtue-based epistemological theories are a branch of externalist epistemology. These theories introduced by Alvin Plantinga, Ernest Sosa, Linda Zagzebski are among these theories. They believe that virtue has a notable role in the formation of true belief. In addition, the elements of reliable process, ...
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Virtue-based epistemological theories are a branch of externalist epistemology. These theories introduced by Alvin Plantinga, Ernest Sosa, Linda Zagzebski are among these theories. They believe that virtue has a notable role in the formation of true belief. In addition, the elements of reliable process, epistemic power with the right function, will, responsibility, and so on, are leading to the value of belief. Ibn Sina and Mula Sadra have highlighted the effects of virtue, virtual power, reliable process, will, responsibility, and the like on knowledge. Virtue based reading of their epistemology highlights many similarities between Ibn Sian, Mula Sadra, and Zagzebski’s opinions. Mula Sadra’s theory, compared to that of Ibn Sian, is more consistent with contemporary virtue-based theories. Ibn Sian’s theory, on the other hand, is closer to Aristotle’s theory of the interaction between virtue and knowledge. Moreover, observation of ethical elements in knowledge is consistent with Mula Sadra’s philosophical bases. On the other hand, Ibn Sina’s theory of knowledge is inconsistent with some of his philosophical bases in terms of observing ethical elements.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Amir Abbas Alizamani; Mohammad Ali Jozani Kohan
Abstract
One of the most fundamental questions of humans is the problem of seeing God. Because after asking about the reason of human creation and realizing the answer that leads to the existence of creator, one would ask is it possible to see God? And if it is, how and when would this seeing takes place? Therefore, ...
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One of the most fundamental questions of humans is the problem of seeing God. Because after asking about the reason of human creation and realizing the answer that leads to the existence of creator, one would ask is it possible to see God? And if it is, how and when would this seeing takes place? Therefore, the historical roots of this question should be retrieved in the early apprehension of human being. In the world of Islamic thought system, variety of different views have been presented: some believe in the possibility of seeing God with eyes and some other believe in transubstantiation of it and have disregarded the apparent of theological texts, vindicating the verses of the Holy Quran and Hadith leading to permit the possibility of seeing the Almighty God. Another group also pointing to the apparent of the aforementioned verses and narrations, have claimed that seeing God is not only limited to visualization by eyes, and have proven other methods and meanings of seeing. On the other hand, the science of Islamic belief system is studied in four fields: exegesis, theology, philosophy, and mysticism. Since all of these four sciences have tried to answer the question of seeing God, this question can be labeled as a point where all these sciences meet. Hence, the answer of a thinker like Allamah Tabatabaie, a true expert in all these fields, would be the best and the most complete of all answers. Consequentially this study will exegetically, theologically, philosophically, and mystically explain the concept of seeing God based on the views of Allamah Tabatabaie. And finally we will come to the conclusion that necessarily the most complete and precise answer is the result of combination of all these approaches.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Mahdi Ganjvar
Abstract
This Islamic model, as a comprehensive and complete method in the production and evolution of scientific knowledge, against the pattern of the western modern and the traditional oriental rationality, seeks to bring the field of human growth and perfection through the Exaltation of Knowledge and the Science ...
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This Islamic model, as a comprehensive and complete method in the production and evolution of scientific knowledge, against the pattern of the western modern and the traditional oriental rationality, seeks to bring the field of human growth and perfection through the Exaltation of Knowledge and the Science by combination and balanced use of reason and quotation, and thereby provide his worldly prosperity and felicity in the hereafter. In this research, while explaining and recognizing the concepts, it has been tried to infer and present the most important ontological foundations of this theory with a problem-oriented approach and a descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion of this article is that with the ontological foundations of Sadra can be lead and employed the existing knowledge in the direction of beatific and transcendent purposes of religion; these foundations are: the monotheistic worldview (belief in the sacred origin and goal of nature for nature); the correspondence between the realms and degrees of existence; the vitality of nature (diffusion of awareness and life in all creatures); and the existential poverty of the world and creatures. The theory of “Revealed Rationality” and its role in the Development and Exaltation of the science is known from the innovations and innovative ideas of the theosopher Ayatollah Javadi Amuli.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
ZeinabSadat Mirshamsi
Abstract
Why and how pure human perceptions lead to action is one of the most important issues in any anthropology. It seems that human emotions as perceptions caused by practical intellect can be a good option to justify the relationship between action and opinion. Mulla Sadra, as one of the school-building ...
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Why and how pure human perceptions lead to action is one of the most important issues in any anthropology. It seems that human emotions as perceptions caused by practical intellect can be a good option to justify the relationship between action and opinion. Mulla Sadra, as one of the school-building philosophers in Islamic philosophy and a philosopher who has a holistic view of various issues, has considered the relationship between action and opinion and how to obtain action from the point of view. However, although he seeks to justify this relationship by relying on practical reason, he has not paid direct attention to emotion. He believes that in addition to pure cognition, there are perceptions that are pleasure and pain. These perceptions are the result of recognizing the mildness or non-mildness of phenomena in themselves and therefore lead the pure perception to action. Emotional states are either a kind of pleasure or a kind of pain. So emotions are the interface between action and opinion. Because emotions are cognitive-value and are shaped by our beliefs and goals, they can shape both actions that are animal in nature and actions that are in harmony with our human nature and are derived from our lofty goals and ends. So although emotions are cognitive matters and all human beings benefit from them, they are not necessarily optional and reasonable.
