Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
mostafa momeni; mahdi Afchengi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 11-23
Abstract
Tawhid raised in Mulla Sadra's philosophy was the prevailing opinion of the philosophers after him. It is the pantheism, which Mulla Sadra explainedon the basis of his philosophy and presentedas the purest doctrine of Tawhid to Islamic philosophy.His pantheism is so influenced on philosophers that ...
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Tawhid raised in Mulla Sadra's philosophy was the prevailing opinion of the philosophers after him. It is the pantheism, which Mulla Sadra explainedon the basis of his philosophy and presentedas the purest doctrine of Tawhid to Islamic philosophy.His pantheism is so influenced on philosophers that it was called Tawhid for the most special people, while in the former philosophers, the pantheismis interpreted as vulgar Tawhid. But Syyed Sabzevari Based on the Quran and Sunnah and rejecting congruity between the necessary being and the possible, verbal sharing and originality of essence, presents a completely different version of Mulla Sadra's Tawhid. He observes the most complete and best expression of Tawhid in the Quran and Sunnah; whichnot only isn’tpantheism, but also is contrary to pantheism. In his view, the pantheism is not Tawhid, but not- Tawhid. This paper examines the Tawhid of Mulla Sadra and Sabzevari, in order to find which of themis correspond to God's disposition.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 25-42
Abstract
The problem of the copulative existence goes as long as back to the time before the Christ down to the present. With reference to this, acknowledging the external existence of copulative of proposition, due to a variety of philosophical consequences it might have entailed, would be of a critical significance. ...
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The problem of the copulative existence goes as long as back to the time before the Christ down to the present. With reference to this, acknowledging the external existence of copulative of proposition, due to a variety of philosophical consequences it might have entailed, would be of a critical significance. Those philosophical practitioners, who have assigned denial of the external existence of copulative of proposition, must usher the consequent effects of their denial in other philosophical argumentations. In this study an attempt is made to give a comparative analysis of Allameh Tabatabaei and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi’s philosophical attitudes centered on the external Existence of copulative of proposition. This has been accomplished in light of the common philosophical assumptions both practitioners enjoy (believing in dichotomy between two areas: intellectual credibility and objective reality). In addition to analysis and interpretation, the principles of supreme wisdom, pertinent to substance and accident, as well, the philosophical rationalities are reexamined carefully, and also an attempt has been made to discuss the unscrupulousnessof abstractcopulative of proposition with other philosophical principles, especially with secondary philosophical rationalities. Moreover, the method employed is to compare and contrast their viewpoints through three steps: description, specification and, analysis. After all, the study is devoted to reviewing the corresponding standpoints. That is to say, the outcomes of denying this characteristic of the universe would be the outcome of the study, the data for which may include: denial of spiritual sameness of existence with an incorrect version of Mollasadra’s standpoint, denial ofone area of the primacy of existence, conversion of 3 principles (necessity, possibility and denial) in to secondary logical intelligible and inappropriateness of dividing existence.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
roohollah souri
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 43-62
Abstract
Copulative existence (Wujud-e Rābiti) is "in itself for other". To "in itself" tells of its special nature and to "for other" tells of the relevance of this nature to another object. So, it has the essence apart from the relevant side that the relevance is the qualification of its essence. But the relevant ...
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Copulative existence (Wujud-e Rābiti) is "in itself for other". To "in itself" tells of its special nature and to "for other" tells of the relevance of this nature to another object. So, it has the essence apart from the relevant side that the relevance is the qualification of its essence. But the relevant existence (Wujud-e Rābit) is just "for other" and not "in itself". It means that all its identity is the relevant and associated to otherness; therefore, there is no existence apart from the relevant side. In Mulla Sadra, the effect has the relevant existence and so, does not have an independent realization. His argument can be summarized in three steps: (1) rejection of external occurrence: on the basis of the principality of existence, the existence of the effect is just effect (in need); it is all its identity and the form of its existence; (2) rejection of analytic occurrence: the representation of the truth of effect (all is the relevant) means that there is no essence for the effect (even in mind); (3) Back causality to disposition (Tashaun): the effect is not "in itself" and there is no existence without cause; so, the distinction of cause and effect is in something non-external. Mulla Sadra calls it disposition (Tashaun). Some researchers raise some doubts in the second step, which is considerable. The answer to these doubts leads to the new version of Sadra's argument, which is more accurate than current versions. However, Mulla Sadra's claim in a way of the analysis of originator of the efficient cause is verifiable, which is less considered.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
seyed ahmadreza shahrokhi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 63-78
Abstract
The human articulate soul is one of the most mysterious things in the world of being; in that it has attracted the attention of several scholars and Muslim philosophers. Muslim philosophers have endeavored to unfold the secrets of its existence and nature. One of the important problems, which the present ...
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The human articulate soul is one of the most mysterious things in the world of being; in that it has attracted the attention of several scholars and Muslim philosophers. Muslim philosophers have endeavored to unfold the secrets of its existence and nature. One of the important problems, which the present study by analytical appraisal explores, is whether the articulate soul had located in other word(s) before belonging to the body? And how reduce to the nature? Plato, Aristotle, Avecinna (Ibn Sina), and Suhrawardi gave various answers to this query; however, Mulla Sadra’s answer is unique in this context. In declining (reducing) chain of being, he mentions Transcendental Being, the world of the abstracts (intellects), the world of the ideas, and nature. According to him, the human articulate soul has several existential levels. In the world of the abstracts (intellects), they exist as abstract and collective things, hence devoid of multiplicity. When an appropriate body is created, the soul reduces its level of abstractness and comes down to the level of ideas that has certain characteristics of the material world. This reduction and decline in abstractness continues until it reaches the world of nature and gets incarnated in the body. In the meantime, the abstract (intellectual) existence of the soul in the world of the ideas continues. Despite the novelty of Mulla Sadra’s scheme and interpretation, it is not devoid of any problem. For example, not only accepting an abstract, communal thing lies outside the arena of conflict, but also is same as acceptance of soul’s eternality, which he rejects.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Delbar Shoja Abajloou
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 79-96
Abstract
One of the key characteristics of Mulla Sadra's philosophical approach in the integration of human physical resurrection is describing religion from within and establishing a relationship between the levels of the world and those of the soul on the basis of rational system of transcendental wisdom. And ...
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One of the key characteristics of Mulla Sadra's philosophical approach in the integration of human physical resurrection is describing religion from within and establishing a relationship between the levels of the world and those of the soul on the basis of rational system of transcendental wisdom. And also on the basis of human behavior in the world he has scored with his description of how resurrection in the world of grief/purgatory and that of the eternal world will happen according to themes of revelation. The present study aims to study Mulla Sadra's philosophical cognition on the issue of the integration of human physical and spiritual integration on the Resurrection Dayon the basis of his own discourse. The main objective of this rational approach to the expression of the integrity of the religious perspective and the philosophical approach of Mulla Sadra is to promote the audience’s understanding of religious concepts of how this will happen, that is the integration of human physical and spiritual integration on the Resurrection Day. He explained the religious teachings of physical resurrection contrary to the theologians' views. Using the principle of the originality of existence, the immortal movement of the soul, the wise and reasonable union, followed by the explanation of the character of the power of imagination, immateriality and objectification of man's imaginary ends, has led to Truth. Also, in proving physical resurrection, using the principles mentioned in the explanation of the content of religious teachings, he not only found no conflict between this and religious teachings, but also consolidated the concepts of the law with the development of a part in the concept of "physicality" in the world of dementia and resurrection. Mulla Sadra does not measure Quranic verses according to their philosophical achievements rather, by gaining the truth through the transcendent reason, the mystical intuition, and the use of revelation and mission, their philosophical achievements are measured by the Qur'anic test, thereby defending the philosophical intellect and inspiring the inner layers of the sacred propositions of the revelation.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Aflatun Sadeghi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 97-109
Abstract
One of the well-known arguments for the existence of God is “proof from contingency and necessity”. It was Avicenna who first, in his works, formulated this argument. This argument has been criticized by Gazzali, Averroes and Molla Sadra, in the world of Islam and by Hume, Kant, Russell and ...
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One of the well-known arguments for the existence of God is “proof from contingency and necessity”. It was Avicenna who first, in his works, formulated this argument. This argument has been criticized by Gazzali, Averroes and Molla Sadra, in the world of Islam and by Hume, Kant, Russell and others in the west.
Mulla Sadra has criticized Ibn Sinas’account of proof from contingency and necessity directly and indirectly. These critiques that has come into his works are the incorrectness of quality of this argument, the use of vicious circle and infinite regress, the use of non-concrete being instead of real being, and the fallacy of composition. Considering these critiques shows validity or inefficiency of them.This article seeks to make clear the correctness or incorrectness of these critiques in a descriptive, analytic and critical way.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
sadi saffari; reza rasooli shrabyani; marziye akhlaghi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 111-124
Abstract
The problem of the relation between death and immortality on the meaning of life in the authorities of thinkers such as Tolstoy and Mulla Sadra has been considered as one of the fundamental issues. Once Tolstoy felt absurdity, decided to find a solution. After various trips and studying different Sciences, ...
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The problem of the relation between death and immortality on the meaning of life in the authorities of thinkers such as Tolstoy and Mulla Sadra has been considered as one of the fundamental issues. Once Tolstoy felt absurdity, decided to find a solution. After various trips and studying different Sciences, specially researching in lives of different groups of people, both nihilists and those who consider life meaningfully, came to a conclusion that immortality of human is essential to having meaningful life, otherwise happiness and meaningfulness of life would be hallucination, this conclusion is result of induction and study on people's lives not result of philosophical system. However, Mulla Sadra, according to his particular philosophical system which designed based on regular participles, proved that human being is physical created and spiritual survival, and soul and body have union relation. Also, soul impressed with moral virtues and obeyed shariat's orders, achieve spirituality, abstraction and immortality. Ultimate goal of human life is achieving the origin of being, and because the origin of being has no end, thus human’s immortality is required to traverse the road of life. Therefore, proving the world of grief and resurrection, Mulla Sadra implies that human traverse is infinite: and this interprataion of life and death not only isn’t trouble and meaningless, but also results in a dynamic, hopefully, calm and meaningful life.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Omidreza Taheri
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 125-137
Abstract
In this paper we focus on the similarities between philosophical views of Descartes, Leibnitz, Mulla Sadra, on the one hand, and some current approaches in cognitive sciences, on the other hand, concerning the problem of mind. Although the results of this study indicates that these three philosophers ...
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In this paper we focus on the similarities between philosophical views of Descartes, Leibnitz, Mulla Sadra, on the one hand, and some current approaches in cognitive sciences, on the other hand, concerning the problem of mind. Although the results of this study indicates that these three philosophers have a depth philosophic and metaphysical vision, the very depth vision has been a starting point for the development of scientific explanation of mind. The differences between philosophers and scientists are their methods of study which in cognitive science we are concern with mental and cognitive modeling. For the philosophers such kind of modeling is based on deductive approaches, whereas for the scientists such modeling is based upon inductive or scientific method. The Leibnizian monadic models and the structural model of Mulla Sadra of nature of Being would be taken into consideration, then we can conclude that it has a close and similar to that of hierarchical structure of knowledge in connectionism.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
akram askarzadeh mazraeh
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 139-152
Abstract
Based on perceptual faculties which are effective in knowledge acquisition, Mulla Sadra divides the process of knowledge acquisition to three processes of sense, imagination, and intellect. Also, he considers that intellectual processes consist in two processes of discovering and proof: and considers ...
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Based on perceptual faculties which are effective in knowledge acquisition, Mulla Sadra divides the process of knowledge acquisition to three processes of sense, imagination, and intellect. Also, he considers that intellectual processes consist in two processes of discovering and proof: and considers discovering consist in two processes of revelation and inspiration. He believed that each one of these processes has different level of validity and the level of validity of a process is effective on acquisition of the true belief. To benefit proof, discovery, inspiration, and revelation depends on the characteristics of the agent; this means that the context in which the belief is formed influences on the acquisition of the true belief. Consequently, one may argue that in addition to the nature of belief, Mulla Sadra is concerned with the characteristics of the agent and the processes of acquiring belief, as non-episteme and external factors- in acquisition of knowledge. Epistemological theories that maintain the role of external factors in forming of knowledge are classified as external epistemological theories. One of the most important of them is process reliabilism and virtue reliabilism.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 153-167
Abstract
From the distant past, Human and Recognition of his aspects has been considered by thinkers in the field of religion, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, but this issue is very outstanding, from the perspective of Mulla Sadra, who has explained this doctrine with regard to religious, moral, philosophical ...
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From the distant past, Human and Recognition of his aspects has been considered by thinkers in the field of religion, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, but this issue is very outstanding, from the perspective of Mulla Sadra, who has explained this doctrine with regard to religious, moral, philosophical and mystical approaches. In his philosophical approach, which is more related to the supernatural aspect of human and his competences, the essence and truth of Human has an integrity and unity that includes, not only all the anthropological, the animal and vegetable levels, but it represents all of the truths of the being . In this comprehensive anthropology, which is justified only by the intellectual foundations of Sadra, Human embraces a wide range of existents, from the weakest to the strongest and he can lead to his own competencies worthy and the succession of God, through the knowledge, the insight and the morality, which in the natural course of movement, shapes his identity. Of course, if he fail and neglect, he would put himself on a decreasing trend as well as a great losing. Since our conception of human and his position affects in all aspects of our lives and influence our orientation, and because of the importance of philosophical bases in the humanities, this paper attempts to explore Sadrai anthropology, as one of the most important theoretical bases of "nurture", through descriptive- Analytical method, and to point the possible consequences in this connection.
Scientific Research
falsafe molasadra
mahdi monazah; sahar kavandi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , August 2017, Pages 169-186
Abstract
The point of this article is to explain the process of existence evolution from “graded unity of being” to “individual unity of being“; In this regard, the “graded unity of being” and its fundamentals in “Transcendent Theosophy” as well as “individual ...
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The point of this article is to explain the process of existence evolution from “graded unity of being” to “individual unity of being“; In this regard, the “graded unity of being” and its fundamentals in “Transcendent Theosophy” as well as “individual unity of being” and its different statements have been primarily investigated, then it would be explained in the position of research and investigation; so that firstly Mulla Sadra presumed the detachment of these two kinds and secondly he represented departure from graded unity (the primary viewpoint) to individual unity (the final viewpoint) in his theosophy. Mulla Sadra initially denied the causality and multiplicity of the “quiddity” and “limited possible beings” in order to be able to explain the mechanism of such process; To prove such explanation he appeals to two kinds of argumentations upon representing a specific analysis of causality: a)Argumentation through cause b)Argumentation through effect. In another word, assigning the effects to the affairs and based on the infiniteness of the necessary being as well as being originating, he proofed his desired idea; thus clarifying the mystical claim- individual unity of being- he became successful in approximating philosophy to mysticism and subsequently the transcendence of theosophy.
